Avocado oil is pressed from the soft green flesh of the avocado (Persea americana), rather than from the stone as many people assume. The fruit is so rich in fat that it has been nicknamed butter pear, and the oil is used both in the kitchen and in skin and hair care.
Its fatty acid profile is dominated by oleic acid, a monounsaturated fat, usually making up around 40 to 60% of the oil, along with palmitic and linoleic acid. It also contains plant sterols such as beta-sitosterol, beta-carotene, lecithin and vitamin E. On ingredient lists you will see Persea gratissima oil or avocado oil, often in hair oils, conditioners and rich creams, where its fatty acids condition hair and skin.
Research on topical plant oils shows that avocado oil mainly stays on the surface of the skin, forming a light protective film that helps reduce moisture loss, which is why it is well suited to dry or chapped skin and dry, coarse hair. Laboratory work has also looked at how avocado oil penetrates hair fibres. Like other oils rich in oleic acid, it may be less suitable for very sensitive or eczema-prone skin when used on its own.