The root of Panax ginseng, used in Korean and Chinese tradition for centuries.
Why it’s used: Traditionally used to support energy, stamina and mental performance.
Korean ginseng is the root of Panax ginseng, a slow-growing plant native to the mountain forests of Korea, north-east China and eastern Russia. It is also called Asian ginseng. Roots are usually harvested after four to six years. White ginseng is simply dried, while red ginseng is steamed before drying, which gives it a darker colour.
In Korean and Chinese tradition the root has been used for centuries as a tonic, traditionally used to support energy, stamina and mental performance, especially in older age. Its main compounds of interest are ginsenosides, a group of plant saponins. Researchers have studied ginseng for mental performance, fatigue and blood sugar, but the results are mixed and NCCIH says there is not enough evidence to draw firm conclusions.
On labels you will see Panax ginseng root powder, Korean red ginseng or a standardised extract, often stated as a percentage of ginsenosides, such as 4%. Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) are different plants and are not interchangeable with Korean ginseng.
3 findings behind this ingredient. Hover a card for the detail and the source.
Umbrella review of 19 meta-analyses comparing ginseng mainly with placebo. Benefits were reported for fatigue, physical function and several other outcomes, with no serious adverse events, though most reviews were of low methodological quality.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 randomised controlled trials with 1,298 patients with disease-related fatigue. Ginseng produced a statistically significant reduction in fatigue compared with control.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial in 30 healthy young adults given 200 mg or 400 mg of G115 extract. The 200 mg dose improved Serial Sevens performance and lowered subjective mental fatigue during sustained mental work.
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Both come from the same plant, Panax ginseng. White ginseng is the root that has been peeled and air-dried, while red ginseng is steamed before drying. Steaming changes the colour and alters the mix of ginsenosides, which is why red ginseng is often sold as a separate product.
No. Korean ginseng is Panax ginseng, which contains ginsenosides. Siberian ginseng is Eleutherococcus senticosus, a different plant with different compounds. American ginseng, Panax quinquefolius, is a close relative but still a separate species, so check the Latin name on the label.
Speak to your GP or pharmacist first. Ginseng may lower blood sugar, which matters if you use insulin or other diabetes medicines. It has had mixed effects with warfarin, and MSKCC notes possible manic-like symptoms when it is combined with MAOI antidepressants.
Information only, not medical advice. If you take medication, are pregnant or breastfeeding, speak to your GP or pharmacist first.
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