Turkesterone is a plant compound from a group called ecdysteroids. It is extracted from Ajuga turkestanica, a flowering herb that grows in the mountains of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in Central Asia. Ecdysteroids act as moulting hormones in insects, and some plants make them too. Despite the name, turkesterone is not an anabolic steroid and does not act on the body in the same way.
Turkesterone is studied for its role in muscle and performance, mainly because of animal and laboratory research on ecdysteroids. Human evidence is very limited. One 2019 trial of a related compound, ecdysterone, reported gains in men doing strength training, but trials testing turkesterone or Ajuga extracts directly have so far found no clear difference compared with placebo.
Label accuracy is a real issue. A 2025 study found that one commercial phytosteroid product contained less than 1% of the ecdysterone it claimed. In late 2025 the European Commission's Novel Food Catalogue was updated to list both Ajuga turkestanica and turkesterone as unauthorised novel foods in the EU.