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TUDCA (tauroursodeoxycholic acid) is a bile acid formed when ursodeoxycholic acid joins with taurine. It is studied for its role in liver cell health and in helping cells cope with protein-folding stress. Lab evidence is extensive, but human studies are small and mixed, and it is not a substitute for prescribed UDCA.

Liposomal glutathione wraps glutathione in tiny phospholipid bubbles to help it survive digestion. Both liposomal and standard oral glutathione have raised body glutathione levels in small human trials, but no large study has compared them head to head. Liposomal may suit people who want a lower dose or a liquid, but the evidence is still early.